In the united states the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently health quizlet9/15/2023 Finding many cells with these substances may indicate a less hopeful CLL prognosis.Īmerican Cancer Society. Flow cytometry is also helpful for detecting zeta-chain-associated protein kinase-70 (ZAP-70) and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase (CD38) on the surface of CLL cells. Flow cytometry: A flow cytometer instrument can detect CLL cells in the blood or bone marrow.It allows a prognostic category (good, intermediate, or poor) to be assigned. It takes far less time to perform than cytogenetics (just a few days). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): This test looks for abnormalities in the chromosomes.Cells missing part of chromosome 13 may indicate slow-growing CLL and a more hopeful prognosis. Cells that are missing part of chromosome 17 or defects in chromosome 11 may indicate a less hopeful prognosis. It looks for chromosomal anomalies in CLL cells. Cytogenetics testing: Bone marrow cells may be grown in a laboratory for this genetic test, which takes several weeks.The size, shape, cellular makeup, and pattern of spread of the white blood cells found in blood marrow are analyzed. A sample of blood marrow typically is taken from the back of the hip bone. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: Bone marrow samples can help determine how advanced CLL is, but they are not required to make the diagnosis.Peripheral blood smear: A sample of blood is analyzed under a microscope to look for abnormal lymphocytes, called smudge cells.
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